Phedre Essays - Operas, French-language Operas, Hippolyte Et Aricie

Phedre Can love be seen as something as bad as a disease? Evidently so, as depicted in the greek tragedy Phedre. Ironically, it is quite interesting how love is portrayed throughout the script as if it was evil and cursed. This, I believe, is the main theme of the play, the forbidden love. From reading the script, it was apparent that, Phedre, is the main character. Phedre, married to her sister's ex-husband Theseus, is torn between faith and humility, and the lustful love for her stepson Hippolytus. Her shameless attraction to Hippolytus is obviously forbidden in that on the basis of incest (although not blood related), this I interpret as her super objective, making her the protagonist. Yet, seldomly, from interpreting the script, she too, is also the antagonist. This is clearly evident in that she's fighting within herself to rid her of these feelings. Against her will, she does everything she can to divest these feelings. ?I prayed, I sacrificed, oh god, the blood and incense that I spi lt!? (Racine,10). These confessions of forbidden love and obsession are not only scene through the eyes of Phedre, but also through other supporting characters. Interestingly, Racine structured this play in such a manner that we clearly see a correlation between scenes and themes amongst the characters. I for instance, saw the hidden relationship of Hippolytus and Aricia or Enone and Phedre, and they all lay along the same theme. Hippolytus, unsure whether to proclaim his devotion and love to Aricia in that she is a prisoner of his father, Theseus' greatest enemy, a rival family. You can clearly see the similar predicaments. Or the relation between Phadre's nurse, Enone, and Phadre, that Enone has this obsessive loyalty to Phadre. In turn, her actions of lying to Theseus, the king, that Phadre was raped by Hippolytus while Theseus was away in hell inorder to save Phadres life I believe, is the catalyst of not only Hippolytus' death, but also that of Phadre. For the reason that all these dramatic and high peak plots of lust, mischief, and royalty I envisioned a play with not only breath-taking props, but also a plethora of elaborate set desi gns. The stage I envisioned, while reading the script, was set in proscenium style Theater with regal Greek objects of fine cloth and statues of gods to truly depict a Greek palace. The costumes of the characters detailed to the exact garments of Greek society. And all of this would be accented with bright shimmering lights with hint of blue and yellow to depict the sun. Fortunately, this is not what I had seen when I watched the play. I say fortunately, because I would've never used my imagination and interaction during the play, since it was already set for me, thus sometime during the play I would've lost interest. The actual set design was assembled within an arena style theater with more of a symbolic set design. This set design is quite unique and very rare to find. The director, Ki Gottberg, had an eccentric method of setting the theater, stage, sound and lighting, and props (costumes included). The approach of an arena style theater gives the idea of the audience as being part of the play, almost as if an audience member were to be playing the roll of Neptune, or as if all of the audience members were gods looking down upon the mortals. This is the vision, I believe Ki was going for and succeeded. The arena style theater made it quite evident that there weren't going to be elaborate scene changes in that it would be almost impossible to change scenes without anyone seeing. But Ki's use of symbolic props and color matched, if not exceeded my expectations. The great use of driftwood as a bench depicting the coastal waters of the Mediterranean and the colorful pillows of purple, accented with shimmering beads truly illustrate royalty and wealth. Another interesting approach was that of the fl oor. Seen as if it was marble, no one can actually figure out what it was, as if it were bottomless, or a sense of being lost, in relation with the protagonists of the play. This was a cleaver idea by

The Effects of Nuclear Weapons on Plants, Animals and Humans

The Effects of Nuclear Weapons on Plants, Animals and Humans Purpose of the research: The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effects of nuclear weapons on plants, animals and humans. The hypothesis for this research is that nuclear weapons-related radiation has far reaching consequences on the health and the general welfare of the affected human population, and also affects animals as well as plants in the affected area.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Effects of Nuclear Weapons on Plants, Animals and Humans specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Research Methods: This research paper is based on a review of literature. My point of research will be internet data gathered from different websites, which have documented research findings on the subject of nuclear weapons and their effect on the plants, humans and animals. The research paper is based on the facts found during the research. Introduction To date, Hiroshima and Nagasaki goes down in history as the two surviving cities where nuclear weapons were used during the World War 2 and to devastating effects. Apart from the instant deaths that occurred right after Americans bombed Hiroshima and three days later, Nagasaki, thousands of deaths have been registered due to radiation related illnesses occurring from the two bombs. Although there are no accurate numbers of the deaths in Hiroshima, the United Nations estimates that by December 1945, the death count was at about 140,000 people (Sublette, 1997; Walker, 2005). The Nagasaki death count on the other hand is estimated at 70,000 people. Apart from the deaths, the survivors and their descendants continue registering bodily injuries and other damaging effects to date (US dept. of Energy, 2007). Literature review According to D’Arrigo (2004), radiation is â€Å"energy that travels in waves†. Unfortunately for humans, radiation can not be smelled, felt, seen or heard. In a nuclear weapon blast, nuclear radiation is usually 15 percent of the activity, with 50 percent of the explosion being presented as blast energy and the remaining 35 percent as thermal energy (atomic archives, 2008). Of the 15 percent nuclear radiation, 5 percent affects animals, plants and humans as the initial radiation. Such occurs within a very short period of the explosion usually less than three minutes (atomarchive.com, 2008, p.1). The remaining 10 percent nuclear radiation is gradual, which involves radioactivity of fission products usually present in the weapon debris, residue and explosion fallout. Fallout radiation usually occurs minutes after the nuclear explosion and happens from radioactive distributed in the air above the explosion site during the explosion. Advertising Looking for research paper on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The radioactive particles eventually fall to the ground. In the rainy season, the rain water carries t he contaminated water to wider areas therefore causing more radiation effects to plants and animals. Naturally, the earth releases natural radiation that affects human being, animals and plants and can lead to cancers in both animals and humans. In the case of the World War II bombings, the radiation that occurred during the two bombs led to fatalities within a 500 meters radius of where the bomb was dropped. However, people as far as five kilometers from the bombing place would later start developing symptoms of radiation poisoning, which included radiation related cancers. According to Linsley (1997), the environment has cosmic radiation that exposes all organisms to natural radionuclide. However, nuclear weapons contain artificial radionuclide, which have higher adverse effects than those that occur naturally. D’Arrigo (2004), states that uranium that is usually found in the ground lacks in the concentration and the interactivity that would negatively affect the environmen t to great levels. However, human beings have over the years learnt the art of mining the same, enriching it and converting it to gaseous forms such as Uranium-234, Uranium-235 and Uranium-238 among others (Auxier, 2004). The enriched Uranium is then used as nuclear reactors, nuclear power or fuel. While the fuel form may seem like the least harmful to human beings, D’Arrigo (2004) states that every link in the fuel chain creates radioactive emissions, which are released into the environment consequently adding to the background radiation that affects human, plants and other organisms. That aside, there is growing concern that the nuclear weapons even though never used on the human population again since World War II, continue releasing radiation to the environment during creation and testing. The negative effects in radiation comes from ionized radiation, which according to D’Arrigo (2004) breaks molecular bonds hence causing erratic chemical reactions. According to D’Arrigo (2004), ionizing radiation is the energy or matter produced by an unstable atom’s nucleus as it decays or tries to reach a stable state. The energy released is either in form of waves (X rays or gamma rays) or subatomic particles (beta and alpha). Uranium, which is used in the production of nuclear weapons, is among the radioactive elements that result in man-made radiation and radionuclide.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Effects of Nuclear Weapons on Plants, Animals and Humans specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More When radiation hits the cells or tissues of living organisms, it either damages or kills it. According to D’Arrigo (2004), a damaged cell is well able to rejuvenate and heal correctly. However, this does not happen all the time. In some cases, the cells or tissues repair incorrectly thus impairing their ability to grow or reproduce or it can repair incorrectly, but still reproduce. When the latter happens, the defects of the cell or tissue are passed over to subsequent generations. Nuclear radiation has also been found to reduce the immunity of animals and human beings drastically thus compromising their ability to fight off diseases (Sublette, 1997). More to this, radiation causes mutations in the body cells, and especially in the defective body cells thus meaning that the spread of cancer is more probable in people and animals exposed to nuclear radiation than people in normal environments (D’Arrigo, 2004; Pike, 1998). Testing of nuclear weapons continue releasing ionizing radiation pollutants into the environment. According to Catcott (2003, p. 228), the effect of ionizing radiation released by such tests takes two forms; 1) acute radiation effects, 2) long-term or delayed effects. In Acute radiation effects, signs of injury develop within hours and could last up-to weeks after exposure. Such effects occur to areas close enough to the testing sites. Long term or delayed effects on the other hand are not immediately noticeable, but eventually, the effects lead to the development of different types of cancers among the affected population, shortened life spans, which involves non-specific aging and/or mutation effects in the genes of the affected population. The latter could last for generations following the initial exposure to ionizing radiation. According to Glasstone Dolan (1977, p. 542), radiation in nuclear weapons either occurs as nuclear radiation or thermal radiation. Of these, nuclear radiation is the most intense, often palling in comparison to the effects of the blast and the thermal radiation. This however greatly varies according to the position of the nuclear attack. An air bust, a surface burst and an underground burst would all have different levels of radiation. Using the World War II airburst nuclear attacks on the two cities in Japan as an example, Glasstone Dolan (1977, p. 543) concludes that the kind of shelter that people (and animals) are during nuclear attacks affect the level of their exposure to radiation. Statistics on deaths and injuries during the Japanese attacks indicate that people who were outdoors died most, while those inside wooden structured suffered more casualties than those housed in brick or concrete buildings. Research findings Burns According to Glasstone Dolan(1977, p. 560), nuclear weapons-related thermal radiation causes burns on people and animals directly through the absorption of radiant energy through the skin or indirectly through heating and consequent of ignition of clothes. Advertising Looking for research paper on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Direct burns are referred to as â€Å"flash burns† since they are caused by the flash that occurs when the nuclear fireball releases the thermal radiation. Indirect burns on the other hand are known as â€Å"flame burns† or â€Å"contact burns†, and are similar to skin burns sustained during ordinary fires or through contact with hot objects. In the Japanese case, Glasstone Dolan (1977, p. 565), notes that the flash burns were more than flame burns. This was especially because the two bombs targeted highly populated areas, and the fact that the weather in Japan at that time was warm. In Nagasaki alone, it is reported that 42,000 people suffered flash burns in areas as far as 1.1 miles away from the nuclear bomb. Less serious cases of flash burns were reported as far as 2.6 miles from the nuclear bomb site (Glasstone Dolan, 1977, p. 566). Radiation contamination According to Catcott (2003, p. 227), radiation from nuclear weapon testing contaminate human and ani mals’ food chain. The radioactive elements deposited in the soil, are eventually taken up by plants or washed into the water bodies. The plants may be eaten directly as human food, or are eaten by animals, which may end up on the dinner table. While current statistics indicate that contamination through such means is negligible at the moment, not research has ever found how much the human body can tolerate the contaminated food supply chain. Researchers however indicate that there is bound to be some long-term biological effects on animals and humans if the radiation-contaminated food continues to be eaten (Catcott, 2003, p. 230) Eye Injury According to Glasstone Dolan (1977, p. 567), nuclear radiation can also cause Keratitis- an eye condition where the cornea becomes inflamed. In cases where thermal radiation exposure to the eyes is high, permanent cornea opacity can occur. This happens because the cornea is the transparent part of the eye, which registers thermal energy received as part of the spectrum by the eye in normal circumstances. This is however a reversible condition and most people regain normal eyesight in approximately three years (Glasstone Dolan, 1977, p. 570). Researchers however suggest that if a nuclear explosion is to be conducted in the night, when it is usually dark and hence the eye pupil is bigger, the thermal radiation would be more intense. More to this, they also suggest that if the nuclear fireball occurs near the visual proximity of most people, the effects of the thermal radiation would also be dire. According to the researchers however, the fact that the pupil is often shielded from intense light from the eyelids comes as a mitigating factor since it the lids would prevent the inner eye from too much exposure to the thermal radiation (Glasstone Dolan, 1997, p. 571). The bright flash that accompanies a nuclear weapon detonation usually produces two effects to the eyes: retinal burns and flash-blindness. Retinal burns are permanent injuries to the eyes, which happens when the retinal tissue if exposed to excess temperatures. This is especially the case when a person looks directly at a fireball thus exposing their eyes to the intense heat generated by the fireball. According to Glasstone Dolan (1977, p. 571), the primary pigmented cells in the eye absorbs most of the radiation energy generated during a fireball explosion and consequently increases the temperature in the eye. Temperature increases of between 12 to 20 degrees centigrade in the eye, causes thermal injury, which injures not only the pigmented layers, but the adjoining rods and cones. This in turn causes permanent visual loss in the affected part of the retina. According to Glasstone Dolan (1977, p. 571), humans are naturally inclined to look at an exploding fireball thus increasing their chances of suffering retinal damages. However, unless the damage to the retina is expansive, some people rarely notice they have suffered any d amages. This is especially the case when the damage is minor and centrally located along the central axis of one’s vision. The latter is the temporary impairment of sight, which occurs from the bleaching â€Å"rods and cones†, which act as the light sensitive elements in the retina. This condition can occur in people and animals that look directly at the fireball, or from scattered light affecting the eyes of people and animals that were looking elsewhere when the fireball exploded. Sufferers of flash blindness (even in cases where nuclear weapons are not involved), state that their entire visual fields are blurred out and in their place the bright afterimage of the fireball or any other bright light remains as the constant image. This however only last for a few minutes before the affected people regains their normal vision. Ionization and its effect on living organisms According to Glasstone Dolan (1977, p. 575), the harmful effects registered in nuclear weapons-re lated radiations are mainly from the ionization and excitation processes, which occur in cells of a living organism once it is exposed to the radiation. When ionization occurs, some cell constituents responsible for its normal functioning are either destroyed or altered. More to this, the products that are formed as cells react to the radiation may be poisonous to the cell, and may result in chromosome breakages, swollen nucleus, swollen cells, increased cell fluid viscosity, weaker cell membranes and hence higher permeability, or even overall destruction of the affected cells. Iodizing radiation not only breaks or damages the chromosomes but also damages the DNA when the unstable compounds and free radicals are formed when molecules in the body react with the radiation compounds. More to this Sublette (1997), states that the reactions in the cells interfere with the normal cell chemistry hence resulting in immediate effects on both the replication and metabolic processes. The lon g term effects mainly relate to the genetic structure of the affected population, and this is usually passed over to their offspring’s. Further research suggests that when a cell is exposed to radiation, mitosis (cell division) is less frequent. In such a case, the normal replacement cycle for the cells in inhibited this affecting the general well being of the organism. In the event of a nuclear explosion, the immediate radiation would cause burn and eye infections as discussed above, but the long-term effects would take anything between several weeks to almost a millennia in plants, animals as well as human beings (Glasstone Dolan, 1977. P. 576; Pike, 1998). In addition to the burns and the effects to the eyes, animals and humans suffer other symptoms immediately or weeks after suffering the radiation exposure. Such include nausea, vomiting, malaise and loss of appetite. Glasstone Dolan (1977, p. 583) states that the higher the doses of radiation exposure one experiences, the higher the intensity of the symptoms. Usually, these symptoms disappear within a day or two of development only to re-appear after two or more weeks. This time however, they may include fever and diarrhea. Glasstone Dolan (1977, p. 583) further indicates that more often than not sufferers of nuclear radiation poisoning will start to hemorrhage in various body organs including the skin. Blood in the urine usually suggests that the kidneys too are bleeding. When hemorrhage occurs, it is an indication that the radiation affected the blood platelets and the clotting mechanism. Other symptoms seen as a result of nuclear weapons related radiation include loss of hair, and the body becoming more susceptible to disease, which it would normally be able to deal with. This is mainly because the radiation affects the white blood cells as well thus jeopardizing the body’s immunity. Bioaccumulation The radioactive materials released in the event of a nuclear explosion leads to the re lease if radionuclide into the environment. Accordingly, this leads to an increased circulation of the same in the biosphere. In such a case, the radionuclides end up in water bodies, plant tissues and animal tissue. According to D’arrigo (2004; Bushberg, 2009), this bioaccumulation of radionuclide ends in the biosphere affects animals on the high part of the food chain. Further, the effects to human beings who eat vegetables and meat from the same biosphere are undeniable. An example of the radionuclide harmful to both human and animal health is Strontium 90, which according to D’Arrigo (2004), mimics calcium and is thus deposited in the bones consequently causing leukemia or bone cancer. Cobalt on the other hand mimics vitamin B6. Conclusion The effects of nuclear weapons on human, animal and plant lives were laid bare by the Hiroshima and Nagasaki incidences in 1945. Research into the same subject suggest that nuclear radiation is able to cause short-term and long term misery to human and animal lives. As such, it is comprehensible even to the layman the fear that nuclear weapons elicit even to the world powers. Regulatory agencies have been put in place to ensure that necessary measures are put into place in order to protect human beings as well as animals from radiation. However, different experts allude that enough protective measures are not in place yet. Whether this is true or not remains to be seen. References Atomic archives (2008). The effects of nuclear weapons. Retrieved from: atomicarchive.com/Effects/index.shtml Auxier, J. A. (2004). The effects of Nuclear Weapons. Retrieved from: hps.org/hsc/documents/effects_of_nuclear_weapons.pdf Bushberg, J. T. (2009). Radiation exposure and contamination. The Merck Manuals. Retrieved from: merck.com/mmpe/sec21/ch317/ch317a.html Catcott, E. J. (2003). Effects of Air Pollution on animals. 221-232. Retrieved from http://whqlibdoc.who.int/monograph/WHO_MONO_46_(p221).pdf D’Arrigo, D. ( 2004). Ionizing radiation from nuclear power and weapons and its impacts on animals. Retrieved from: nirs.org/radiation/radstds/radiationandanimals.pdf Glasstone, S. Dolan, P. L. (1977). The effects of Nuclear Weapons. United States Department of Defense and The Energy Research and Development Administration. 276-316. Retrieved from: princeton.edu/sgs/publications/articles/effects/effects-5.pdf Linsley, G. (1997). Radiation and the environment: Assessing effects on plants and animals. IAEA Bulletin. 16-20. Retrieved from: iaea.org/Publications/Magazines/Bulletin/Bull391/39102681720.pdf Pike, J. (1998). Nuclear Weapon Effects. Federation of American Scientists. Retrieved from: fas.org/nuke/intro/nuke/effects.htm Sublette, C. (1997). Effects of nuclear explosions: nuclear weapons frequently asked questions. Retrieved from: http://nuclearweaponarchive.org/Nwfaq/Nfaq5.html US dept. of Energy. (2007).The Atomic bombing of Hiroshima. The Manhattan project: an interactive History. Retriev ed from: cfo.doe.gov/me70/manhattan/hiroshima.htm Walker, G. (2005). Nuclear weapons: history, technology and consequences in historic documents, photos and videos. Trinity Atomic Website. Retrieved from: cddc.vt.edu/host/atomic/accident/index.html

#1English Civil War and Glorious Revolution Senten Essays - Royalty

#1English Civil War and Glorious Revolution Sentence Sort Directions: Using pages 420-430 and 486-489, put the following events in proper chronological order. Then, use the blank paper provided to create an illustrated timeline of the English Civil War and Glorious Revolution. You may not have dates for all events, but should put them on the timeline in the order in which they occurred. Your timeline should include all of the information listed below and at least 10 color illustrations of the events of your choice. Due: Nov 6 6. Charles I clashed with dissenters, Prides Purge (or Protestants called Puritans who wanted to "purify" the Church of England). 1648 7. Supporters of the king, called Cavaliers, and supporters of Parliament and Puritanism, called Roundheads, clash and fight a Civil War. 1642-49 19. John Locke's Second Treatise of Civil Government, defends the Glorious Revolution. Government is a contract between the ruled and the ruler for protection of life, liberty and property. 1689 2. Henry VIII broke with the Roman Catholic Church and asked Parliament to approve the Act of Supremacy making him the head of the Church of England. 8. The Rump Parliament and Oliver Cromwell condemned the king to death as a "tyrant, traitor, murderer and public enemy". Charles I is executed on January 30, 1649. 3. Elizabeth I creates the Anglican Church, and worked with Parliament making "Good Queen Bess" a popular ruler. She tolerates the Puritans. 15. James II, who inherited the throne, are Catholic supporters and try to become absolute monarchs, grants religious freedom to all and attempts to rule without Parliament. He has an infant son. 9. Thomas Hobbes publishes Leviathan, which argues that human beings are selfish, and limited. Therefore, they need to enter into a political contract that creates a commonwealth controlled by a sovereign who will protect them. "Do not that to another which you would not have done to yourself." 1651 5. 1640-1660 The Long Parliament ignores Bishop Laud and Charles, they imprison Laud (and execute him), abolish the Star Chamber, and insist that taxes can only be levied with their permission. 17. William and Mary have to accept the English Bill of Rights 1689, which clearly established Parliament's power to make laws, levy taxes and consent when a king wanted to raise an army. It guarantees the independence of the judiciary, and the sole power of Parliament to make laws and open debate. Grants all Protestants freedom of religion. 1. The Magna Carta laid the foundation for English rights, where the king needed to consult with Parliament regarding common laws. 20. Political parties, the Whigs and the Tories emerge to protect the policies of the Glorious Revolution. They support business interest and religious toleration. They sought to preserve order. 13 Parliament restores the monarchy, after Cromwell dies, known as "The Restoration". Charles II returns from France and freedoms are returned to the English people. 10. Cromwell dissolves the Rump Parliament and establishes a military dictatorship, naming himself "Protector," and insisting that the revolution was good and he will protect the people. 1649-1653 14. Charles II passes the Test Act and engages in secret negotiations with Louis XIV 16. In 1688, William and Mary "invade" England and become king and queen with no bloodshed. This is the Glorious Revolution. 20. Robert Walpole becomes the first prime minister, and becomes the confidant of George I of the Hanover's. 12. Cromwell dies in 1658, and former Cavaliers are able to return to politics. 18. England becomes a limited or constitutional monarchy, and the divine- right theory is destroyed. 11. Cromwell becomes the leader of the new Commonwealth, he establishes the Protectorate. Puritan beliefs are forced upon the English people, the press is censored, theaters are closed, and elections are cancelled. 1653-1658 MILITARY DICTATORSHIP 4. James I or James IV of Scotland becomes King of England, he angers the Puritans when he disagrees with their Millenary Petition ( "...no bishops, no king.), issues The King James Bible, supported absolute monarchy and some people felt he was pro-Catholic

Strategic Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Strategic Marketing - Essay Example The success of Primm Valley Casino Resorts, located at least 35 miles from its bigger cousin Las Vegas in Nevada County is proof that there is indeed truth in the value of segmentation- and that targeting the large Hispanic segment in America is a safe bet that has worked. FACTORS THAT HAVE MADE THIS STRATEGY SUCCESSFUL Primm Valley Casino Resorts is located at least 35 miles south of Las Vegas in Nevada. With this prime location within driving distance, it is surprising that Primm Valley has even managed to court business- but it has and to a substantial degree is evident from the money that is earned on busy weekends. Behind the success of Primm Valley is the concentration on the needs of the large Hispanic population that dominates this and surrounding areas. Hispanics love to travel in groups and many of these groups of friends, neighbors and relatives meet at the resorts or come together to have a chance at the tables, slot machines, dine, drink and have a good time. What greets them here is the sights and sounds of their own language and culture, as the atmosphere is full of Spanish speaking males and females having a good time. Even the waiters and bartenders are Spanish. The signs are in Spanish too, as well as the instructions on every corner. No need to know English here-what a relief! Finally one can enjoy an evening Spanish style. Look, there are even Spanish singers to entertain the crowds in this wonderful language. It is like bringing Spain to America (Medina, 2011). PRINCIPLES AND IDEAS THAT EXPLAIN THIS SUCCESS A little analysis will show that market segmentation, targeting and positioning is behind this success. The resort has capitalized on the needs of the Hispanic market, made the entire process language friendly and also brought in Hispanic singers and entertainers. Segmentation refers to deciphering, analyzing and catering to the needs of a particular segment of the population, in this case the Hispanics. Population censuses have indicate d that this is the biggest and fastest growing segment of the US population in the last two elections, so no wonder a good many Hispanics flock the casinos. Besides, there is no sound sweeter than the sound of your own native language, no matter where in the world you are. At the resort, people are served by Hispanic waiters and even the signs at the tables and slot machines are in Spanish. The slot machines are quite a favorite with the Spanish. Being a society that loves to work in groups, Spanish people are influenced by others in their group and also like to follow the lead of others who are having fun in shared activities. Eva Mendes, Eva Longoria, Teri Hatcher and Jennifer Lopez would likely be some of the stars they look up to and want to emulate. By targeting the opinion leaders in the Spanish community, the management of Primm Valley Casino Resorts stands a good chance of continuing to get good business. LESSONS IN TARGETING A NEW MARKET The case study of Primm Valley Resor ts is a good example of how to segment and target a new market. Quite obviously the builders and marketers for the resort project had the Hispanic population in their sights as they created the casino and resort areas. While there is a concern that going to the casino regularly would turn some of them into gambling addicts, Latinos know that help is available and take the risk in stride. The management of the resorts thus needs to target proper reference groups. There may be people with different opinions in Hispanic society. The dis-associative group would prefer to shun the resorts altogether, stating that it would lead to the gambling habit, or maybe that it is

Energy Risk Management Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Energy Risk Management - Dissertation Example Regulatory agencies of governments sell smaller units of this limit to individual organisations in the form of emission permit or carbon credit (Bayon, 2007). The emission permit gives an organisation the right to emit a specified volume of green house gas. The carbon credits can be traded in the market and on specified stock exchanges. Organisations must buy the required number of permits equivalent to the amount of emissions. There is a limit on the total number of permits that are offered by the government. If an organisation needs more permits, it can buy these from the market and thus offset their emissions. The whole system of carbon credit trading is rigidly controlled by the stock exchanges. While erring firms now have the option of getting away with pollution and excess emissions, the government is at least making these firms to pay for the emissions. Since the number of carbon credits available is limited, the price of the credits can fluctuate. Eventually, erring firms wou ld be expected to improve their process so that fewer emissions take place. The carbon credit trading market is worth more than 64 billion USD in 2007 and the market is expected to grow rapidly as accountability increases (Tietenberg, 2009). This dissertation will research the structure of carbon credit market and emissions trading. The dissertation will also examine price fluctuations, drivers for price variations and make recommendations to improve the market structure. 1.1. Rationale for the paper The term carbon credit is used to identify a permit or tradable certificate. It gives the owner the permission to emit one tonne of greenhouse gases or carbon dioxide or any other equivalent gas such as sulphur or carbon monoxide. One carbon credit represents one metric tonne of green house gases and is designated by the term tCO2e. The Kyoto Protocol brought in some accountability for nations and signatories to this protocol agreed for some legal targets that limited the amount of emis sions by each nation (Stone, 20110. The European Union Emissions Trading Scheme - EUETS and other bodies have agreed to reduce the CO2 emission by 8% in 2012 as compared to the 1990 levels. As per the protocol and agreements, emission quotas were assigned to each nation and these are called as assigned amount units AAAs. Each nation was allowed to sell these units to industries and even individuals. Based on the nature of industry and processes, each industry was expected to buy a certain amount of units. Failure to comply would result in social stigma besides having to pay extra taxes. In some nations, these units were in shortage and in France, Germany and UK; the price for a unit quickly rose from 50 Euros to 90 Euros per unit. Croci (2011) says that nations such as Russia, Ukraine and many other former USSR satellite nations had huge surpluses and they dumped their AAAs in the market, bringing the market down. It was also seen that during recession, the amount of emissions in ma ny nations reduced and this was mainly due to fewer industries operations. Overall, the market for carbon credit sees a lot of volatility, fluctuations and even price manipulation (Stone, 2010). Existing literature does not examine these aspects or understand the correlation between various drivers. In addition, since the subject of emissions trading is relatively recent, many studies have not been conducted in

Six Simple Ways to Go Green Essay Example for Free

Six Simple Ways to Go Green Essay These days it seems you can`t even go two hours without seeing or hearing something about being green, whether it`s an advertisement for an Earth-friendly product, news about an environmentally-sound investment, a report about a business or community that`s taking steps to be more eco-conscious, or just general advice on how to save the planet. Going green isn`t just the latest trend though; it`s something we all must do to conserve resources, combat climate change, and preserve our planet for generations to come. Here are six easy-but essential-things you can do to green your lifestyle (and save a little cash too:) 1. Green Clean Your House: Conventional household cleaners and bug-killers can contain as many as 200 industrial compounds, pollutants, and other chemicals. These harmful toxins are dangerous for you, your children and your animal companions, as well as harmful to the environment. Chemicals in cleaning products have even been implicated in Parkinson`s disease, infertility, brain damage, cancer, and other health problems. It`s safer and greener to buy only organic, all-natural cleaning products. Many natural, cruelty-free cleaning products are available in many supermarkets and drugstores. Thrifty cleaners can also make their own green cleaning supplies with everyday, inexpensive ingredients like baking soda, borax, cornstarch, and white distilled vinegar, which is effective for killing bacteria and germs. 2. Garden with a Green Thumb: Americans use approximately 80 million pounds of pesticides in their gardens every year. Like chemical-cleaners, pesticides and synthetic fertilizers pose a threat to you and your loved ones, and the environment in general. Instead, use compost and plant native plants, which have adapted to the environment and require less water and attention, in your garden. By composting you can recycle your yard and kitchen wastes (even your dinner scraps) to fertilize your own garden. This saves you time and money and helps the environment. 3. Don`t Be in the Dark About Green Light Bulbs: Compact fluorescent light bulbs are energy-efficient, long-lasting, and cost-effective. They can be purchased at most hardware stores and cost under $4 each. If you use compact fluorescent light bulbs instead of standard incandescent ones, you`ll not only help save the environment, but you`ll also save around $30 on your electric bill. 4. Curb Consumerism: Do you really need more knick-knacks, techno-toys, fad fashions, and stuff that will ultimately land in a landfill? Cutting back on unnecessary purchases not only helps save landfill space (and all the materials needed to make the must-have merchandise), but it will also save you money for more important things. When you do go shopping bring along reusable canvas shopping bags. Every year Americans use up to 100 billion plastic bags, which equals about 12 million barrels of oil. Some stores offer a small discount if you bring your own bag, and by not using a non-biodegradable, petroleum-based plastic bag, you can help save wildlife. Thousands of animals choke to death on plastic bags, thinking they are food. 5. Eat Green: If you want to be green, it`s important to eat green-vegetarian, that is. Meatless Mondays or Thursdays, or what have you, are a great start. The less meat you eat the more you help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, curb pollution, and conserve water, land, fossil fuels, and other resources. Consider this: *A United Nations report revealed that the meat, egg, and dairy industries are responsible for more greenhouse gasses than all the cars, SUVs, ships, tractor trailers, trains, and jumbo jets combined. According to the Live Earth concert handbook, refusing meat is the single most effective thing you can do to reduce your carbon footprint. Researchers with the University of Chicago even report that going vegan is 50% more effective in stopping global warming than switching to a hybrid car. *The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) says that run-off from factory farms pollutes our waterways more than all other industrial sources combined. The EPA also reports that about 80 percent of ammonia emissions in America come from animal waste. *It takes more than 4,000 gallons of water per day to produce food for a meat-eater; only 300 gallons of water a day are needed to produce food for a vegan. Nearly 80 percent of the agricultural land in the U.S. is used to raise animals for food. E: The Environmental Magazine has reported that more than one-third of all fossil fuels produced in the U.S. are used to raise animals for food. 6. Buy Local: If you buy locally-grown fruits and veggies rather than produce that has been trucked across the country, you can help conserve fossil fuels and reduce the amount of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and other harmful pollutants released into the air. Buying produce from a local farmer`s market also supports local farmers, who often do not use as many harmful chemicals and waxes on the food they grow. You can usually find your local produce cheaper at the Farmer`s Market than in the grocery store.

The Reality of Rape Essays -- essays research papers

Running head: THE REALITY OF RAPE   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Rape is a crime of violence and aggression that not only hurts a victim for the moment, but it shatters her entire life. According to the Britannica Encyclopedia, rape is defined as â€Å"any kind of unlawful sexual activity, usually sexual intercourse, carried out forcibly or under threat of injury and against the will of the victim.† This definition has been redefined to cover same-sex attacks and attacks against those who are incapable of valid consent, including persons who are mentally ill, intoxicated, drugged, etc. (rape). Because rape crimes affect all races, cultures, ages, and economical classes, it is difficult to create concrete research on the topic because of the variances. Society in the United States by no means condones rape, but it does expect it. The theories of rape are all different but the crime is always the same, a violation of one’s self through a sexual act. There are many different types of rape including date rape, statutory rape, gang rape, and acquaintance rape. Though there are more than a handful of different names to view rape, all of the names have one thing in common: a victim. The frightening reality is that all of the rape studies that have been done show that the perpetrator is usually someone that the victim knows and/or trusts; during the dating years, seventy to ninety percent of rapes are acquaintance or date rapes (Mackey). Even more terrifying is that only one-third of rapes are reported to law enforcement officials (Buddie & Miller). Victims are most likely afraid that by going through with the process of pressing charges on his/her perpetrator that they, in turn, will be blamed using one or more of the ridiculous rape myths, by society. The reality of rape is a startling combination of ignorance relating to rape myths, lack of reportings and convictions, severe post-traumatic feelings of the attack, and theories of ra pe, both psychological and sociological.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Rape is such a difficult crime to prove because it usually comes down to the victim’s word against the perpetrator’s word. In the United States, anyone who is charged with a crime is innocent until they are proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. In order to prove that the crime did indeed happen, a victim is usually humiliated and she is forced to re-live the h... ...d be convicted and sent to prison. REFERENCES Buddie, Amy, & Miller, Arthur (2001). Beyond rape myths: a more complex view of perceptions of rape victims – 1. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research. Retrieved from the World Wide Web November 18, 2004: http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_M2294/is_2001_August/ai_82782443 Mackey, Frank Misogynist. Cultural rape myths. Survivors Emerging. Retrieved November 18, 2004 from the World Wide Web: http://people.morehead-st.edu/students/ar/aeruck01/culturalrapemyths.html rape Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Retrieved November 19, 2004 from Encyclopedia Britannica Premium Service: http://www.britannica.com/ebc/article?tocld=9376486 Rennison, Callie Marie. (2002). Rape and sexual assault: reporting to police and medical attention, 1992-2000 (United States Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics No. NCJ-194530). Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Retzinger, Suzanne, & Scheff, Thomas. (1997). Shame, anger, and the social bond: A theory of sexual offenders and treatment. Electonic Journal of Sociology. Thio, Alex. (2004). Deviant Behavior (7th ed.). Boston: Pearson Education, Inc.

MedNet †Analysis and Strategic alternatives Essay

We are presented with a case where Heather Yates, vice president for business development at MedNet.com, a website delivering health information free to consumers, was losing one of their biggest advertiser ‘Windham Pharmaceuticals’. She along with the leadership team were on the task of convincing Mahria Baker, Windham’s CMO to continue advertising with them instead of investing their advertisement dollars on ‘Marvel’ which was essentially a large search engine with a huge audience. Mednet is also facing tough competition from several other websites providing expert information on therapeutic treatments and condition specific diseases like cholesterol. About MedNet: MedNet is an American corporation which provides health information services. The website was created with a mission of providing reliable and trustworthy medical information to consumer audience for free and to make profits through advertising from pharmaceutical companies. Two important aspects to be always monitored by MedNet to be on top of the things are it’s Visitors and Advertisers. What does an advertiser want? Sales, leads, brand awareness? What are the best metrics for measuring these? The advertisers here are pharmaceutical companies who buy onscreen advertising space from websites. Though branding in the form of promoting company’s logo, slogan, and their product’s name along with its features is paramount to any company, it is the ‘numbers’ in terms of Sales revenue that matters the most. The possible measuring metrics is the Banner advertising charging advertisers on a cost per thousand impressions (CPM) basis where an impression means that one visitor actually saw an online advertisement. The second is Click through rate (CTR) method which counts each time a potential buyer clicks the advertisement seeking more product information. CPM accounts more for the brand awareness whereas the click through accounts more for the Sales revenue generated in general, however, the winning metrics greatly depends on the industry one is catering to. What specific consumer behaviors determine whether or not a business model produces the results an advertiser wants? MedNet is greatly financed by  advertising, selling online magazines and sponsorships. It has a business model that’s very much centered on advertising. MedNet is a go-to resource for basic health and diagnostic information. However, competitors like cholesterol.com and others emerged that offered tailored and condition-specific health recommendations to each visitor’s specifications for such chronic diseases. Though MedNet was known to post the most up to date and reliable health information which helped them enforce trusted relationships with their audience, it was important that they ensure that the customer returns back to them each time. Based on the CTR and the CPM, the advertisers can precisely analyze the consumer’s preferences and purchasing patterns. What is the best argument Yates can make to justify charging Windham for impressions in stead of click – throughs? Does she have acceptable alternatives? MedNet charges for cost per thousand impressions to Windham Pharmaceuticals while Marvel, the search engine is doing it for free. Yates, the VP, rightly argues that though the impression might not be an accurate measure of a sale of the product but it does have an assuring and positive impact about the advertiser on the consumer. It instills a belief of goodness of a product making it highly likely that the consumer buys it at a later point of time. She laid emphasis on the ‘trusted’ relationship which however, is not quantifiable. I think, the best argument she puts across is along the lines of the targeted audience. According to reports, more consumers seek health information than finance or health information online. ‘Health’ comes first and a diligent consumer would want to access only reliable diagnostic information which is guaranteed via MedNet which is an established well known website for its health information services. Thus, audience looking at the Windham’s ad through MedNet is more likely to buy the product. The alternative approach to this is as follows: 1) MedNet could charge Windham for click throughs only. However, this is NOT acceptable given the small audience that MedNet captures. It is less likely for this limited audience to actually go click an advertisement. This would affect their sales revenue. 2) Windham can wait to see the results of the Vesselia (prescription medication) coupons that were redeemable at the pharmacy. This way, Windham could know if MedNet was more promising and profitable than Marvel. What value to the customer does a general interest  site contribute that a niche site can’t? General interest sites like MedNet faced tough competition from the specialized niche sites like cholesterol. However, the following are a few aspects that give the general sites an edge over the niche ones. 1) They provide a wide source of information on different medical conditions. This way, they are running a business that attracts a larger audience. They are providing real value to these customers. 2) General interest sites are more ‘well known’ to the unprofessional and less sophisticated consumer base. They might not be aware of the niche sites. Thus, general interest sites provide a larger coverage of the general audience. 3) Because general sites cater to larger audience who are their regular visitors, they can afford to provide cheap services to their advertisers thus making their scheme much more attractive than the niche sites. 4) The niche sites providing Tailored recommendations were running a huge risk of providing the full diagnosed information violating the state and federal govt. regulations thus in turn, risking their customer’s integrity. What steps can MedNet take to address emerging competitive threats? MedNet is facing a tough competition from potential competitors like Marvel, Cholesterol etc. The major underlying issue being the limited visitor traffic. Most of the traffic gets diverted to Marvel. 1. In order to increase their popularity and generate more returning traffic, they can do the following: Retain the same content but add more value by using social media to create community groups to encourage group discussions, create forums and blogs that helps people learn from reviews and feedbacks. These community tools will make the site more interactive and encourage visitors to return to the site. MedNet is in the business of advertising where it is promoting its advertisers. But ‘self-advertising’ is important too. Promote and Publicize self, using conventional means of advertising like prints on paper like newspapers, Yellow pages and magazines. They should target advertisers of more common ailments like high blood pressure, allergies and depression/anxiety. Thus, in order to increase the value provided to Windham, MedNet needs to focus on the volume  of the consumer traffic and make sure these consumers return. 2. Target employer websites and private online health portals, which give employees a secure gateway through which they can access their personal health information, and insurance claims. This will help diversify revenues and maintaining existing consumers. Alongside, it would help in branding through Corporate Word of Mouth. Though there will be initial setup and marketing costs, but this will pay off in the long run. MedNet should also discuss with the employers to provide pharmaceutical ads in addition to these services they offer to the employees. 3. MedNet can broaden their pool of advertisers that currently focus only on pharmaceutical companies to others like professional high profile clinics, pharmacies, health insurance companies etc. There is a tough competition among these smaller advertisers because they are large in number and thus would need advertising to promote self-more than ever. So these are potential customers to MedNet. Thus above are a few alternative approaches that MedNet can take to have an edge over it’s competitors. References: About WebMD. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebMD. The official WebMD site to understand the look and feel of a health information service website. Retrieved from http://symptoms.webmd.com/default.htm#conditionView.

Culture and Education Essay

When dealing with issues that pertain to people’s beliefs and faith, one has to tread with caution. Although there is religious liberty, one has to be careful about religious issues when it comes to public places. For one, I believe that religion is a personal thing and restrain should be put on it when we come to a place where other people that are not of the same religious belief are. Not that we are not at liberty to display our faith but the truth is that as we have right so do other people have rights too and our own faith should not overshadow theirs. However, there are some instances where we might be in a dilemma of what to do. The case provided is a good example of this scenario. Without recourse to emotions or sentiments, I think the board made a right decision which has been long overdue. However, as expected, some people will rebuff this decision because of some rather emotional or sentimental reasons. Their argument will be will not be objective but their rebuttal of the board’s decision will be patterned after the following argument. The position of the parents who rebuffed the decision of the board will be grounded on the fact that the late principal deserves some respect because he has toiled in that school. These parents will consider the action made by the board as disrespectful to the late principal and thus will call for the reversal. Apart from this, they might argue that the portrait has been an integral part of the school tradition and that they consider the idea of just waking up one day and deciding to remove what has been a part of the school life and tradition rather absurd. â€Å"What do you want the poor boy that painted the portrait to feel? Imagine the number of hours the poor boy spent in painting that portrait. † Furthermore, these parents may argue that since no one is complaining about the portrait, the portrait is not affecting the board. â€Å"Is it disturbing you or is it hindering the discharge of your duties? † Question 2: A. Linda Mealey argued in her paper titled â€Å"Bulking up: the roles of sex and sexual orientation on attempts to manipulate physical attractiveness† that â€Å"Socialization processes can either reduce or enhance biological differences between individuals or groups† Sex role socialization and sexual orientation has led to stereotypes. The more people are aware of their sexual orientation, the more they come to be identified with the general preconceived ideas about the sex. For example, if a lady believes in a stereotype about women generally, she comes to see herself from the point of view of this stereotype and this will make her naturally identify with people that fall under the same sexual orientation. Although, stereotypes might sometimes lead to discrimination of a sex, the truth is that it allows people that fall under the same sex to identify with each others as it serves as a unifying platform. B. There are some school roles that reinforce sex role stereotypes for girls. An example of this is the fact that the position of cheerleaders in the school football teams. This reinforces sex role stereotypes for the girls because they are made to feel that they can not meet up with the challenges that men do. Another example is that in some schools, the positions of vice-presidents of organizations are reserved for ladies. This also reinforces sex role stereotypes that men are leaders and women should support them in whatever they do. Although these school roles might not be directly intended to reinforce sex role stereotypes, the truth is that they do. Reference: Mealey, L. â€Å"Bulking up: the roles of sex and sexual orientation on attempts to manipulate physical attractiveness† (1997) Retrieved on April 28, 2008 from http://findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m2372/is_n2_v34/ai_19551975

Crime Canada US essays

Crime Canada US essays Governments, academics, and journalists often express an interest in cross-national crime comparisons, particularly between Canada and the United States. This interest stems from the desire to discover causal explanations for crime and to develop more effective criminal justice and social policies (Archer Howard, Newman, Pridemore 2000). Unfortunately, methodological complexities have placed considerable barriers to such comparisons. Differences between national data sources, both for police reported and victimization surveys, have hampered accurate comparisons. Despite these divergent national data collection systems, the tendency has been to compare crime rates between countries with little or no attention to these limitations. Recently, the proliferation of the Internet has led to the growth in this type of misinformation. Recognizing the methodological hurdles, along with the benefits of comparing crime rates between Canada and the United States, the Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics has undertaken the task of assessing the feasibility of comparing police reported statistics between Canada and the United States. This report, which represents the first step of this study, compares and contrasts the specific offence definitions, classification, and scoring rules between the Canadian and American Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) surveys. Where applicable, this discussion notes modifications that could allow for reliable cross-national comparisons. Official crime statistics also have general limitations. Many crimes are never reported to or detected by police and consequently, police reported data under-estimates the amount of crime, especially for highly unreported crimes such as sexual assault. National household victimization surveys, including the American National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) and the Canadian General Social Survey (GSS), can estimate the amount of unreporte...

Marketing Management - Assignment 8 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing Management - Assignment 8 - Essay Example Thus, functionality of a product is an element that should never be absent in anything that is sold in the market. This is very evident in a consumer behavior where a customer would immediately ask for a replacement or product service for any damaged or defective produce they have just bought. With this said, functionality is the end all and be all. Though a form of a product would attract people to buy things that may not be necessary, this is just mainly applicable to impulsive buyers. Furthermore, a product with just form without functionality could end up in a sale but not a sustainable relationship with a certain product or brand (Form vs Function: Design, Emotion and Profitability, n.d.). Once customers are not satisfied with a product, they would always immediately look to another brand that would not disappoint. However, there are still products which lack functionality and yet are still in the market because of the few who put aesthetic considerations over functional considerations (Smashing Magazine, n.d.). Pricing is one of the elements that affect a consumer’s purchase behavior. This is because all of us have to prioritize the kind of expenses we make for a limited budget. That is why we are all told to be practical buyers, only getting what we need and to spend within our means. With this said, the question of whether prices should reflect the value that consumers are willing to pay or if prices should primarily just reflect the cost involved in making a product or service comes into picture. In my own opinion, companies should have the right pricing, meaning reflecting the cost involved in making a product or service which translates into fair pricing as opposed to a price that reflects the value that consumers are willing to pay for. This is because the latter poses many issues such as isolating a lot of consumers that belong to the lower income bracket. When

Nutrition in Nursing.2 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Nutrition in Nursing.2 - Case Study Example Sea foods are normally very fresh, tasty and nutritionally rich especially in minerals. This is the main reason Elizabeth is frustrated with their availability locally in the new home despite what is available being expensive. The suggestion would be for her to get the fresh taste of sea foods by getting American sea food that is available in many food stores around America. There is a lot of fish in American food stores as well as the fresh weeds that are stocked in stores as well as served in many restaurants. There are also plenty of imported sea foods that she can take which have nutritional value just as the fresh ones and she could try this option. Ultimately she needs the nutritional supply and fish which is locally available is a good option for her as well as cereals. When it comes to issue of bread I would advise her to go for bread labeled whole wheat or whole grain. These are low in fat, have no cholesterol, have up to 15% protein and are rich in fiber. They are healthy and will protect the body from heart illnesses, diabetes, cancers and obesity. There also plenty of fruits which are nutritious such water melons, apples, cucumbers, Asparagus, mushrooms, broccoli, tomatoes and fresh vegetable such as cabbages, kales and onions which can be taken in plenty. These should be tasty and supply adequate nutrients such as minerals, vitamins and coupled to the other foods should give balanced diet necessary for the body’s physiology. 1. American Society of Anesthesiologists (1999). Practice guidelines for preoperative fasting and the use of pharmacologic agents to reduce the risk of pulmonary aspiration: Application to health patients undergoing elective procedures. Anesthesiology, 90,